What is fermentation?

• A. A method of cooking with high heat
• B. A preservation technique using good bacteria
• C. A method of freezing foods
• D. A process of dehydrating foods

Answer: (B)

Fermentation is the controlled activity of microorganisms—bacteria, yeast, or molds—that transform food by converting sugars into other compounds, such as lactic acid or alcohol. This transformation helps preserve the food and often develops distinct flavors and textures. It’s described as a preservation technique using good bacteria because these microbes inhibit spoilage and create a safer, longer-lasting product. It isn’t about cooking with high heat, freezing, or dehydrating, which preserve or alter foods through temperature changes or moisture removal rather than microbial action.